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1 shower
1. noun1) (a short fall (of rain): I got caught in a shower on my way here.) chubasco, chaparrón2) (anything resembling such a fall of rain: a shower of sparks; a shower of bullets.) lluvia3) (a bath in which water is sprayed down on the bather from above: I'm just going to have/take a shower.) ducha4) (the equipment used for such a bath: We're having a shower fitted in the bathroom.) ducha
2. verb1) (to pour down in large quantities (on): They showered confetti on the bride.) tirar, rociar2) (to bathe in a shower: He showered and dressed.) ducharse•- showery- showerproof
shower n1. duchashe's in the shower está en la ducha / se está duchando2. chubasco / chaparróntr['ʃaʊəSMALLr/SMALL]1 SMALLMETEOROLOGY/SMALL chubasco, chaparrón nombre masculino2 (of stones, blows, insults, etc) lluvia3 (in bathroom) ducha4 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (party) fiesta de obsequio1 (sprinkle) espolvorear; (spray) rociar2 figurative use (bestow, heap) inundar, colmar, llover■ honours were showered on him lo colmaron de honores, le llovieron honores2 (in bath) ducharse\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto have a shower / take a shower ducharseshower cap gorro de bañoshower ['ʃaʊər] vt1) spray: regar, mojar2) heap: colmarthey showered him with gifts: lo colmaron de regalos, le llovieron los regalosshower vi1) bathe: ducharse, darse una ducha2) rain: llovershower n1) : chaparrón m, chubasco ma chance of showers: una posibilidad de chaparrones2) : ducha fto take a shower: ducharse3) party: fiesta fa bridal shower: una despedida de solteran.• aguacero s.m.• chaparrón s.m.• chubasco s.m.• ducha s.f.• rociada s.f.v.• granizar v.• llover v.• tomar una ducha v.'ʃaʊər, 'ʃaʊə(r)
I
1) ( in bathroom) ducha f, regadera f (Méx)he's in the shower — se está duchando or bañando
to take o (BrE) have a shower — ducharse, darse* una ducha, bañarse; (before n)
shower cap — gorro m de ducha
shower curtain — cortina f de ducha
shower gel — gel m de baño
4) ( party) (AmE) fiesta en la que los invitados obsequian a la homenajeada con motivo de su próxima boda, el nacimiento de su niño etc
II
1.
a) ( spray) regar*b) ( bestow lavishly)to shower something ON somebody: congratulations were showered (up)on the winner le llovieron felicitaciones al ganador; to shower somebody WITH something: the country showered him with honors — el país lo colmó de honores
2.
via) ( wash) ducharse, darse* una ducha, bañarseb) ( be sprayed) \<\<water/leaves/stones\>\> caer*; \<\<letters/congratulations/protests\>\> llover*['ʃaʊǝ(r)]1. N1) [of rain] chubasco m, chaparrón m2) (fig) [of arrows, stones, blows etc] lluvia fto have or take a shower — ducharse, tomar una ducha
4) (Brit)* pej (=people)what a shower! — ¡que montón de inútiles!
2.VT(fig)to shower sb with honours, shower honours on sb — colmar a algn de honores
3. VI1) (=rain) caer un chaparrón or chubasco2) (=take a shower) ducharse, tomar una ducha4.CPDshower attachment N — (to put on taps) conexión f de ducha (para los grifos de la bañera)
shower cap N — gorro m de baño
shower cubicle N — cabina f de ducha
shower curtain N — cortina f de ducha
shower gel N — gel m de baño
shower head N — alcachofa f de la ducha
shower room N — baño m con ducha
shower stall N — cabina f de ducha
shower tray N — plato m de la ducha
shower unit N — ducha f
* * *['ʃaʊər, 'ʃaʊə(r)]
I
1) ( in bathroom) ducha f, regadera f (Méx)he's in the shower — se está duchando or bañando
to take o (BrE) have a shower — ducharse, darse* una ducha, bañarse; (before n)
shower cap — gorro m de ducha
shower curtain — cortina f de ducha
shower gel — gel m de baño
4) ( party) (AmE) fiesta en la que los invitados obsequian a la homenajeada con motivo de su próxima boda, el nacimiento de su niño etc
II
1.
a) ( spray) regar*b) ( bestow lavishly)to shower something ON somebody: congratulations were showered (up)on the winner le llovieron felicitaciones al ganador; to shower somebody WITH something: the country showered him with honors — el país lo colmó de honores
2.
via) ( wash) ducharse, darse* una ducha, bañarseb) ( be sprayed) \<\<water/leaves/stones\>\> caer*; \<\<letters/congratulations/protests\>\> llover* -
2 Poitevin, Alphonse Louise
[br]b. 1819 Conflans, Franced. 1882 Conflans, France[br]French chemical engineer who established the essential principles of photolithography, carbon printing and collotype printing.[br]Poitevin graduated as a chemical engineer from the Ecole Centrale in Paris in 1843. He was appointed as a chemist with the Salines National de l'Est, a post which allowed him time for research, and he soon became interested in the recent invention of photography. He conducted a series of electrolytic experiments on daguerreotype plates in 1847 and 1848 which led him to propose a method of photochemical engraving on plates coated with silver or gold. In 1850 he joined the firm of Periere in Lyons, and the same year travelled to Paris. During the 1850s, Poitevin conducted a series of far-reaching experiments on the reactions of chromates with light, and in 1855 he took out two important patents which exploited the light sensitivity of bichromated gelatine. Poitevin's work during this period is generally recognized as having established the essential principles of photolithography, carbon printing and collotype printing, key steps in the development of modern photomechanical printing. His contribution to the advancement of photography was widely recognized and honours were showered upon him. Particularly welcome was the greater part of the 10,000 franc prize awarded by the Duke of Lynes, a wealthy art lover, for the discovery of permanent photographic printing processes. This sum was not sufficient to allow Poitevin to stop working, however, and in 1869 he resumed his career as a chemical engineer, first managing a glass works and then travelling to Africa to work in silver mines. Upon the death of his father he returned to his home town, where he remained until his own death in 1882.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1865. Paris Exposition Internationale Gold Medal for Services to Photography, 1878.BibliographyDecember 1855, British patent nos 2,815, 2,816.Further ReadingG.Tissandiers, 1876, A History and Handbook of Photography, trans. J.Thomson. J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JWBiographical history of technology > Poitevin, Alphonse Louise
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3 Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 18 November 1787 Carmeilles-en-Parisis, Franced. 10 July 1851 Petit-Bry-sur-Marne, France[br]French inventor of the first practicable photographic process.[br]The son of a minor official in a magistrate's court, Daguerre showed an early aptitude for drawing. He was first apprenticed to an architect, but in 1804 he moved to Paris to learn the art of stage design. He was particularly interested in perspective and lighting, and later showed great ingenuity in lighting stage sets. Fascinated by a popular form of entertainment of the period, the panorama, he went on to create a variant of it called the diorama. It is assumed that he used a camera obscura for perspective drawings and, by purchasing it from the optician Chevalier, he made contact with Joseph Nicéphore Niepce. In 1829 Niepce and Daguerre entered into a formal partnership to perfect Niepce's heliographic process, but the partnership was dissolved when Niepce died in 1833, when only limited progress had been made. Daguerre continued experimenting alone, however, using iodine and silver plates; by 1837 he had discovered that images formed in the camera obscura could be developed by mercury vapour and fixed with a hot salt solution. After unsuccessfully attempting to sell his process, Daguerre approached F.J.D. Arago, of the Académie des Sciences, who announced the discovery in 1839. Details of Daguerre's work were not published until August of that year when the process was presented free to the world, except England. With considerable business acumen, Daguerre had quietly patented the process through an agent, Miles Berry, in London a few days earlier. He also granted a monopoly to make and sell his camera to a Monsieur Giroux, a stationer by trade who happened to be a relation of Daguerre's wife. The daguerreotype process caused a sensation when announced. Daguerre was granted a pension by a grateful government and honours were showered upon him all over the world. It was a direct positive process on silvered copper plates and, in fact, proved to be a technological dead end. The future was to lie with negative-positive photography devised by Daguerre's British contemporary, W.H.F. Talbot, although Daguerre's was the first practicable photographic process to be announced. It captured the public's imagination and in an improved form was to dominate professional photographic practice for more than a decade.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOfficier de la Légion d'honneur 1839. Honorary FRS 1839. Honorary Fellow of the National Academy of Design, New York, 1839. Honorary Fellow of the Vienna Academy 1843. Pour le Mérite, bestowed by Frederick William IV of Prussia, 1843.Bibliography14 August 1839, British patent no. 8,194 (daguerrotype photographic process).The announcement and details of Daguerre's invention were published in both serious and popular English journals. See, for example, 1839 publications of Athenaeum, Literary Gazette, Magazine of Science and Mechanics Magazine.Further ReadingH.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1956, L.J.M. Daguerre (the standard account of Daguerre's work).—1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London (a very full account).J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (a very full account).JWBiographical history of technology > Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé
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